Produção de biscoitos recheados com formação de organogel na base gordurosa / Production of sandwich cookies with the formation of organogel in the fatty base

A fim de atender à demanda do público que atualmente busca por alimentos mais saudáveis, as indústrias têm procurado alternativas que possibilitem a aplicação de ingredientes que agreguem valor nutricional aos produtos. A redução de gorduras saturadas e trans em produtos alimentícios, bem como a inserção de cereais ou farinhas nutricionais, vem sendo aplicadas em produtos de panificação. Biscoitos recheados possuem como bases geralmente biscoitos à base de farinha de trigo. O objetivo foi desenvolver formulação de biscoitos recheados com substituição de gordura vegetal por organogel no recheio e de farinha de trigo por farinha de sorgo no biscoito, a fim de agregar valor nutricional ao produto. Foram desenvolvidos biscoitos recheados: 1) recheio controle e com substituição da gordura vegetal dos recheios por organogel elaborado com sistema emulsionado (colágeno + óleo vegetal + água), a fim de diminuir concentrações de gorduras saturadas e trans. 2) para a base elaborouse biscoitos controle (farinha de trigo) e com substituição parcial e total de farinha de trigo por farinha de sorgo em 50% (50FS) e 100% (100FS). Foram conduzidas nos recheios e das bases dos biscoitos análises físicas e físico-químicas (textura, atividade de água, cor, composição centesimal e reologia) para avaliação e para análise de estabilidade de 6 semanas. Os resultados apresentaram que o biscoito 50FS obteve melhor valor de textura (Controle: 16,09 ± 1,28 N; 50FS: 19,63 ± 5,68 N e 100FS: 10,09 ± 0,65 N) e menor teor de atividade de água (Semana 01: 0,327±0,01 e Semana 06: 0,389 ± 0,00) do que o biscoito controle, durante análise de estabilidade. O biscoito 100FS apresentou coloração mais avermelhada. Os biscoitos 50FS e 100FS apresentaram maior teor proteico do que o controle (Controle: 5,37 ± 0,23 %; 50FS: 5,64 ± 0,49 % e 100FS: 5,75 ± 0,49 %). O recheio com organogel apresentou maior dureza (N) durante análise de estabilidade do que o recheio controle (Semana 6 Organogel: 6,81±1,48; Controle: 4,29±0,38). Os parâmetros de adesividade, coesividade e gomosidade do recheio com organogel não apresentaram diferenças significativas (p > 0,05). Os valores de atividade de água da formulação com organogel foram mais altos do que o recheio controle (Semana 6 Organogel: 0,730±0,00; Controle: 0,555±0,01). O valor de L* foi maior para o recheio controle, apresentando coloração mais amarelada do que a formulação com organogel. O recheio com organogel apresentou redução de 65 % do teor lipídico e aumento do teor proteico. Os recheios controle, com organogel e de mercado apresentaram comportamento tixotrópico durante a avaliação reológica, sendo que o produto de mercado teve comportamento próximo à formulação controle, com recuperação quase total da estrutura. Foram desenvolvidos cinco produtos, sendo três inovadores com valor nutricional agregado, atendendo às legislações vigentes, vida útil mínima de 6 semanas e ao apelo do mercado atual, podendo ser comercializados como biscoito recheado

In order to satisfy the demand of the public that is currently looking for healthier foods industries have been looking for alternatives that allow the application of ingredients that add nutritional value to the products. The reduction of saturated and trans fats in food products, as well as the insertion of cereals or nutritional flours, has been applied in bakery products. Filled cookies are usually based on wheat flour. The objective was to develop a formulation of filled cookies with replacement of vegetable fat for organogel in the filling and wheat flour for sorghum flour in the biscuit, in order to add nutritional value to the product. In this study, cookies filled with vegetable fat and wheat flour were used as a control where: 1) filling was replaced by organogel elaborated with an emulsified system (collagen + vegetable oil + water); and 2) base was prepared with partial and total replacer of wheat flour for sorghum flour in 50% (50FS) and 100% (100FS). Physical and physicochemical analyzes (texture, water activity, color, proximate composition and rheology) were carried out on the fillings and bases of the biscuits for evaluation and for the stability analysis of 6 weeks. The results showed that the 50FS cookies had a better texture value (Control: 16,09±1,28 N; 50FS: 19,63±5,68N and 10,09±0,65 N) and lower content of water activity (Week 1: 0,327±0,01 and Week 6: 0,389±0,00) than the control cookie during stability analysis. The 100FS had a more reddish color. The 50FS and 100FS cookies had a higher protein content than the control (Control: 5,37±0,23 %; 50FS 5,64±0,49 %). The fillings with organogel showed a higher hardness (N) than the control during stability analysis (Week 6 Organogel: 6,81±1,48; Control: 4,29±0,38). The parameters of adhesiveness, cohesiveness and guminess of the filling with organogel showed no significant differences (p> 0.05). The water activity values of the organogel formulation were higher than the control filling (Week 6 Organogel: 0,730±0,00; Control: 0,555±0,01). The value of L * was higher for the control filling, showing a more yellowish color than the formulation with organogel. The filling with organogel showed a 65% reduction in lipid content and an increase in protein content. The control, organogel and market fillings showed a thixotropic behavior in the rheological evaluation, and the market product had a behavior close to the control formulation, with almost total recovery of the structure. Five products were developed, three of which were innovative with added nutritional value, in compliance with current legislation, a minimum shelf life of 6 weeks, which can be sold as a stuffed cookies.

Avaliação de cookies adicionados de hidrolisados proteicos durante a estocagem / Evaluation of cookies with added protein hydrolysates during storage

O enriquecimento de biscoitos tem sido um segmento importante do mercado, visando melhorar o teor e a qualidade proteica de produtos à base de farinha de trigo. A utilização de hidrolisados proteicos é uma alternativa para este fim, que, entretanto, ainda é muito pouco explorada. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos hidrolisados proteicos de soro de leite e de colágeno, nas características tecnológicas de cookies durante a estocagem. Os hidrolisados influenciaram as características tecnológicas dos cookies, diminuindo a umidade e a dureza, assim como causando um ligeiro escurecimento dos mesmos. Apesar disso, ainda foi possível obter produtos com características tecnológicas desejáveis e maior teor proteico.

Comparative study of peritoneal adhesions after intraperitoneal implantation in rats of meshes of polypropylene versus polypropylene/polyglecaprone versus polyester/porcine collagen

Abstract Purpose To Compare the extent and intensity of adhesions formed between the intra-abdominal organs and the intraperitoneal implants of polypropylene mesh versus polypropylene/polyglecaprone versus polyester/porcine collagen used for correction of abdominal wall defect in rats. Methods After the defect in the abdominal wall, thirty Wistar rats were placed in three groups (ten animals each) for intraperitoneal mesh implant: polypropylene group, polypropylene/polyglecaprone group, and polyester/porcine collagen group. The macroscopic evaluation of the extent and intensity of adhesions was performed 21 days after the implant. Results The polypropylene group had a higher statistically significant impairment due to visceral adhesions (p value = 0.002) and a higher degree of intense adherence in relation to polypropylene/polyglecaprone and polyester/porcine collagen groups (p value<0.001). The polyester/porcine collagen group showed more intense adhesions than the polypropylene/polyglecaprone group (p value=0.035). Conclusions The intraperitoneal implantation of polypropylene meshes to correct defects of the abdominal wall caused the appearance of extensive and firm adhesions to intra-abdominal structures. The use of polypropylene/polyglecaprone or polyester/porcine collagen tissue-separating meshes reduces the number and degree of adhesions formed.

Comparative study of fibrosis induced by Marlex®, Parietex Composite®, Vicryl® and Ultrapro® meshes1

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the fibrosis induced by four different meshes: Marlex®, Parietex Composite®, Vicryl® and Ultrapro®. Methods: Histological cutouts of abdominal wall were analyzed with polarized light 28 days after the meshes implants and colorized by picrosirius to identify the intensity of collagen types I and III, and their maturation index. Results: When the four groups were compared, the total collagen area analyzed was bigger in groups A and D, with no difference between them. The collagen type I density was bigger in group A, with an average of 9.62 ± 1.0, and smaller in group C, with an average of 3.86 ± 0.59. The collagen type III density was similar in groups A, B and C, and bigger in group D. The collagen maturation index was different in each of the four groups, bigger in group A with 0.87, group B with 0.66, group D with 0.57 and group C with 0.33 (p = 0.0000). Conclusion: The most prominent fibrosis promotion in the given meshes was found on Marlex® (polypropylene mesh) and the Parietex Composite® (non-biodegradable polyester); the collagen maturation index was higher in the Marlex® mesh, followed by Ultrapro®, Parietex Composite® and Vicryl® meshes.

Extracellular matrix and fibroblast injection produces pterygium-like lesion in rabbits

BACKGROUND: Translational research to develop pharmaceutical and surgical treatments for pterygium requires a reliable and easy to produce animal model. Extracellular matrix and fibroblast are important components of pterygium. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the subconjunctival injection of fibroblast cells (NIH3T3 cell line) and exogenous extracellular matrix in rabbits in producing a pterygium-like lesion. METHODS: Six 3-month-old white New Zealand rabbits were injected with 20,000 NIH3T3 cells and 5 µL of Matrigel in the right conjunctiva, and with only 5 µL of Matrigel in the left conjunctiva. The eyes were photographed under a magnification of 16× using a 12-megapixel digital camera attached to the microscope on day 1,3 and 7. Conjunctival vascularization was measured by analyzing images to measure red pixel saturation. Area of corneal and conjunctival fibrovascular tissue formation on the site of injection was assessed by analyzing the images on day 3 and 7 using area measurement software. Histopathologic characteristics were determined in the rabbit tissues and compared with a human primary pterygium. RESULTS: The two treatments promoted growth of conjunctival fibrovascular tissue at day 7. The red pixel saturation and area of fibrovascular tissue developed was significantly higher in right eyes (p < 0.05). Tissues from both treatments showed neovascularization in lesser extent to that observed in human pterygium. Acanthosis, stromal inflammation, and edema were found in tissues of both treatments. No elastosis was found in either treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Matrigel alone or in combination with NIH3T3 cells injected into the rabbits' conjunctiva can promote tissue growth with characteristics of human pterygium, including neovascularization, acanthosis, stromal inflammation, and edema. The combination of Matrigel with NIH3T3 cells seems to have an additive effect on the size and redness of the pterygium-like tissue developed.

Efficacy and Safety of Porcine Collagen Filler for Nasolabial Fold Correction in Asians: A Prospective Multicenter, 12 Months Follow-up Study

Recently, injectable dermal fillers have become important alternatives to surgical procedures for the correction of facial wrinkles. Bovine collagen is the first approved material for filler injection, and several studies have shown its efficacy. However, the risk of developing an allergic reaction and xenogenic transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy remain among its disadvantages. In this randomized, double-blinded, split-face study, we compared the efficacy and safety of a porcine collagen filler (TheraFill(R)) with that of a bovine collagen filler (KOKEN(R)) for nasolabial fold correction. A total of sixty one patients with mild to severe nasolabial fold were randomized to receive TheraFill(R) and KOKEN(R) on contralateral sides of the face. During the 12-month follow-up period, improvement in the Wrinkle-Severity Rating Scale score was slightly higher in TheraFill(R) group than KOKEN(R) group, although the difference was not statistically significant. No serious adverse reactions were observed and both materials were tolerable in most cases. In conclusion, the long-term effect of TheraFill(R) on nasolabial fold correction was comparable to that of KOKEN(R), and it may be a good alternative to bovine collagen filler.

Characterization of the deposition of collagen fibers and Lithogenic potential in bladder of rats submitted to a sugar cane biopolymer graft

OBJECTIVES: Suture materials are widely used in urology. The interaction of these materials with the extracellular matrix in the inflammatory process can be estimated by stereology of collagen fibers and the present study was designed to determine the behavior of the bladder tissue of rats to grafts of the biopolymer of sugar cane (BPCA), and the inflammation and intravesical stone formation compared to the polyglactin 910. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 42 Wistar rats were divided in four groups: Group I (n = 10) rats submitted to bladder implantation of ~4-0 BPCA suture graft and euthanized at 4 weeks; Group II (n = 10) rats submitted to bladder implantation of 4-0 polyglactin 910 suture graft and euthanized at 4 weeks; Group III (n = 12) rats submitted to bladder implantation of ~4-0 BPCA suture graft and euthanized at 8 weeks; Group IV (n = 10) rats submitted to bladder implantation of 4-0 polyglactin 910 suture graft and euthanized at 8 weeks. Bladders collected at necropsy were analyzed for their weight and the presence of grafts and calculi. Sections were prepared for stereological analysis of collagen fibers. RESULTS: The bladder weight was higher in group I, particularly in the presence of bladder stones. The presence of the graft was observed in 100% (group I), 80% (group II), 91.6% (group III) and 30% (group IV); polyglactin 910 showed an absorption of 70% in this period. The stereological analysis showed a higher volume density of collagen fibers in group I versus other groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The BPCA was a material with good integration into the bladder of rats; its absorption was slower than that of the polyglactin 910. The presence of urinary stones was lower in bladders with implantation of BPCA, particularly after 8 weeks. There was a greater initial inflammatory response to BPCA graft that was directly related to the increase in bladder weight and the presence of urinary stones, but that equalized the results of polyglactin 910 after 8 weeks.

Comparative study between meshes of polyester with collagen and polytetrafluoroethylene in the repair of defects produced in abdominal wall of rats / Estudo comparativo entre as telas de poliéster com colágeno e politetrafluoretileno no reparo de defeitos produzidos na parede abdominal de ratos

PURPOSE: To study the intraperitoneal use of polyester with collagen and polytetrafluoroethylene meshes in the correction of total ventral wall defects in rats. METHODS: Thirty two rats were evaluated and divided randomly into four groups and underwent laparotomy and preparation of total defects of the abdominal wall. Next, the correction of the defect with the intraperitoneal placement of the chosen mesh was performed. The rats were submitted to euthanasia at 30 and 90 days after surgery. Were analyzed the macroscopic adhesions and microscopic aspects, and applied stress rupture test RESULTS: All animals showed intraperitoneal adhesions in varying degrees, with no statistical significance difference. There was no difference also between groups in the evaluation of stress rupture tests. On the microscopic aspect, the A30 group had less inflammatory reaction and less formation of granulomas and foreign body reaction that the B30 group, with significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in intraperitoneal adhesion and tensile rupture strength among groups. Group B30 presented granulomatous inflammatory reaction at the site of mesh attachment to the wall significantly higher than the A30.

OBJETIVO: Estudar comparativamente o uso intraperitoneal das telas de poliéster com colágeno e politetrafluoretileno na correção de defeitos totais da parede ventral em ratos. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 32 ratos distribuídos em quatro grupos aleatórios e submetidos à laparotomia e confecção de defeitos totais da parede abdominal. Em seguida, foi realizada a correção do defeito com a colocação intraperitoneal das telas. A eutanásia ocorreu aos 30 e 90 dias do pós-operatório. Foram analisadas as aderências macroscópicas, aspectos microscópicos e aplicado teste de tensão de ruptura. RESULTADOS: Todos os animais apresentaram aderências abdominais intraperitoneais em vários graus, sem significância estatística. Não houve diferença entre os grupos na avaliação dos testes de tensão de ruptura. Na análise microscópica o grupo A30 teve menor reação inflamatória e formação de granulomas, e menor reação do tipo corpo estranho quando comparado ao grupo B30, com resultados significativos. CONCLUSÕES: Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos tanto em relação à formação de aderências intraperitoneais quanto à tensão de ruptura. O grupo B30 apresentou reação inflamatória e formação granulomatosa no local de fixação na parede significativamente maior que o grupo A30.

Complications of dermal fillers - an experience from Middle-East

Dermal fillers have become exceedingly common globally in recent years for body rejuvenation, but with their widespread use and increasing profitability, cases of complications of dermal fillers are being widely reported. To document the complications related to dermal fillers as managed by the authors while working in different hospitals of Riyadh city. Demographic and clinical data of 47 cases, reporting with complications of dermal fillers over a period of two years from June 2009 to June 2011, were analysed. The complications were categorised by a self designed category system based on management and outcome. 44 females and 3 males, ranging in age from 23 years to 62 years were managed for complications of dermal fillers affecting face, hands, buttocks and external genitalia. 83% of cases had moderate to severe complications, and 51% were unaware of the nature of dermal filler received by them. 20 cases [42.5%] required surgical treatment and interventions under anesthesia. With increased use of dermal fillers, the complications are also being frequently encountered. Dermatologists should be wary of these avoidable untoward effects and their proper management

Evaluación de telopéptido C del colágeno tipo I: en pacientes con cáncer de mama / Evaluation of telopeptid C of collagen type 1: in breast cancer patients

El cáncer de mama es la malignidad más común en las mujeres, se considera que alrededor del 90 por ciento de ellas mueren con metástasis; siendo la metástasis ósea la más frecuente. Estudio de seguimiento se determinó los níveles séricos de telopéptido C del colágeno tipo I en 60 pacientes con cáncer de mama y 30 controles sanos por electroquimioluminiscencia, para evaluar su expresión como marcador pronóstico de metástasis ósea. Los niveles séricos del telopéptido C fueron más elevados en las pacientes que desarrollaron metástasis comparado con las pacientes sin metástasis; se observó diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre estos grupos y controles sanos (p<0,05). A medida que transcurría el tiempo, los níveles del telopéptido C aumentaban y la sobrevida global disminuía. El 68,97 por ciento de las pacientes desarrollaron metástasis ósea exclusivamente, el 27,58 por ciento metástasis combinada y 3,45 por ciento metástasis pulmonar: observándose niveles más elevados de telopéptido C en metástasis combinada. El 87,8 por ciento de las pacientes desarrollaron tumor ductal infiltrante, y 12,2 por ciento lobulillar; más del 50 por ciento de los tumores eran grado histológico y nuclear II. Se encontró una correlación positiva entre los níveles séricos del telopéptido C y tamaño del tumor (r=0,32, P=0,02). Los resultados obtenidos permiten señalar que existe una correlación directa entre el nivel sérico del telopéptido C y la presencia de metástasis ósea; por lo cual este marcador puede tener utilidad pronóstica para la metástasis ósea en pacientes con cáncer de mama.

Breast cancer is the most common malignity among women, is considered that around 90 % of them die of metastasis; being the most frequent bone metastasis. This follow up study, we determined serum levels C-telopeptides of type I collagen in 60 patients with breast cancer and 30 safe controls by electrochemioluminiscense evaluate the significance of C- telopeptides of type I collagen as marker bone metastasis. We found C- telopeptides level was the highest on breast cancer patients developed bone metastasis with respect to patients did not. There was statistically significant difference between both groups (P>0.05); we observed that as time passed; the C-telopeptides levels increased the global surviving decreased. We found that 68.97 % patients developed bone metastasis exclusively, 27.58 % combined metastasis and 3.45 % lung metastasis; being observed the highest levels C-telopeptides on patients that developed combined metastasis. We found 87.8 % of patients had tumour type infiltrating duct, 12 % tumor lobulellar type; nuclear and histological type tumours was represented in more than 50 % mainly by type II. We found positive correlation between the levels of serum of C-telopeptides and tumour size (r=0.32, P=0.02). The results obtained allow us to say that there is a straight correlation between the levels of serum of C-telopeptides and the presence of bone metastasis; thus, C-telopeptides can be used as a prognosis marker to bone metastasis on breast cancer patient.

La cicatrización queloide / Keloid scarring

La cicatriz es el estado final y definitivo de la reparación que el organismo efectúa en una herida accidental, quirúrgica o producida por alguna afección. La cicatrización queloide es un desorden en la estructura normal de la colágena, que conduce a un crecimiento anormal y desproporcionado de las fases normales de la cicatrización, siendo ésta un efecto indeseable para todo cirujano. Fue descrita por primera vez en 1700 a. de J.C. en el papiro de Edwin Smith; sin embargo, no fue hasta en 1802 cuando Alibert usó el término queloide, cheloid igual tenaza de cangrejo, por la forma de la lesión. En este artículo se realiza una actualización de esta enfermedad cicatrizal dermoepidérmica, neoplásica.

Caracterização da resposta imune em modelo experimental de esclerodermia induzida por colágeno tipo V / Humoral immune response characterization of the type V collagen induced scleroderma experimental model

Os modelos experimentais reproduzem doenças que acometem seres humanos, sendo de extrema importância porque possibilitam o estudo da patogênese e abordagem terapêutica dessas enfermidades. Nesse grupo inclui-se o modelo experimental de esclerodermia induzida pela imunização de coelhos com colágeno V humano provocando alterações histológicas (pele, pulmão e rim) similares àquelas observadas em humanos. As doenças auto-imunes têm sua etiologia desconhecida e são particularmente caracterizadas pela presença de auto-anticorpos no soro. Nesse aspecto, 90 a 95% dos pacientes com esclerodermia apresentam algum auto-anticorpo contra antígenos intracelulares (proteínas nucleolares RNA polimerase I, II e III, Scl-70, centriolares ou golginas) ou da matriz extracelular (colágeno). O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a resposta imunológica nos animais do modelo experimental de esclerodermia. Para tanto, o soro dos animais foram testados quanto à presença de auto-anticorpos e de outros fatores imunológicos séricos que indicassem um processo imunológico ativo paralelo às lesões teciduais em desenvolvimento e incluiu: pesquisa de anticorpos anticolágenos V, III e I, imunocomplexos circulantes, fator reumatóide, níveis de complemento, fatores antinucleares (FAN) por imunofluorescência indireta em células HEp-2 e caracterização dos antígenos alvos por immunoblot. A análise da resposta imune revelou que as alterações histológicas do pulmão, rim e pele se desenvolviam com o aumento dos níveis séricos de anticorpos anti-colágeno V. Além disso, todos os animais imunizados com Col V apresentavam anticorpos para outros tipos de colágeno. Esses animais desenvolveram uma marcante resposta imunológica a antígenos intracelulares com 100% de positividade para o FAN e presença de imunocomplexos nos soros obtidos 30, 75 e 120 dias pós-imunização quando comparados a dois grupos controles (albumina e adjuvante completo de Freud). Todos os animais do grupo Col V apresentaram...

Experimental models for human diseases are of utmost importance, since they allow the study of their pathogenesis and therapeutic approach. In this group we can include the experimental model of collagen V-induced scleroderma, in rabbits, with histological alterations (skin, lung and kidney) similar to those observed in humans. Auto-immune diseases have an unknown etiology, and are characterized by the presence of auto-antibodies in serum. In this aspect, 90%-95% of the patients with scleroderma present some kind of auto-antibody against intracellular antigens (RNA polymerase I, II and III nucleoproteins, Scl-70, centriolar or golgins) or to components of the extracellular matrix (collagen). This study aims to assess the immune response of the animal subjects in a scleroderma experimental model. The animals sera were tested for auto-antibodies and other serum immunological factors that would point to an active immunological process, parallel to the developing tissue lesions, including anti-collagen V, III and I antibodies, circulating immune complexes, rheumatoid factor, complement levels, antinuclear antibodies (ANA) by indirect immunofluorescence in HEp-2 (IFI) cells, and characterization of target antigens with an immunoblot. The analysis of the immune response in the studied animals revealed that histological alterations in lungs, kidneys and skin developed with an increase of the serum levels of anti-collagen V antibodies. Furthermore, all the Col Vimmunized animals presented antibodies against other types of collagen as well. These animals also developed a strong immune response against intracellular antigens, being 100% positive for ANA, showing also immune complexes in sera obtained 30, 75 and 120 days after immunization with Col V, when compared to the control groups (albumin and Freunds complete adjuvant). All the animals from the Col V group showed a cytoplasmic pattern at the IFI, Golgi simile and, in 10% of the cases, additional reactivity...

Efectos adversos de implantes dérmicos y subcutáneos / Adverse effects of subcutaneous and dermal implant

Los implantes dérmicos se utilizan en la corrección de arrugas, cicatrices, líneas de expresión y en el aumento de pómulos y labios, mientras que los subcutáneos, según los principios de la mesoterapia, intentan mejorar lipodistrofia y exceso de panículo. Se dispone en la actualidad de una amplia gama de productos naturales y sintéticos, los cuales son en general bastantes seguros. La mayor demanda de la población por procedimientos estéticos ha elevado la popularidad de estos implantes, los que muchas veces son ejecutados ilegalmente por personal no médico con productos no autorizados, lo que aumenta la frecuencia de efectos adversos.

Influência da cafeína no comportamento da pressäo arterial e da agregaçäo plaquetária / Influence of caffeine on blood pressure and platelet aggregation

OBJECTIVE: Studies have demonstrated that methylxanthines, such as caffeine, are A1 and A2 adenosine receptor antagonists found in the brain, heart, lungs, peripheral vessels, and platelets. Considering the high consumption of products with caffeine in their composition, in Brazil and throughout the rest of the world, the authors proposed to observe the effects of this substance on blood pressure and platelet aggregation. METHODS: Thirteen young adults, ranging from 21 to 27 years of age, participated in this study. Each individual took 750mg/day of caffeine (250mg tid), over a period of seven days. The effects on blood pressure were analyzed through the pressor test with handgrip, and platelet aggregation was analyzed using adenosine diphosphate, collagen, and adrenaline. RESULTS: Diastolic pressure showed a significant increase 24 hours after the first intake (p<0.05). This effect, however, disappeared in the subsequent days. The platelet aggregation tests did not reveal statistically significant alterations, at any time during the study. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that caffeine increases diastolic blood pressure at the beginning of caffeine intake. This hypertensive effect disappears with chronic use. The absence of alterations in platelet aggregation indicates the need for larger randomized studies.

Influência do colágeno na resistência de uniäo à dentina úmida e seca / Influence of collagen on the tensile bond strength to wet and dry dentin

O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar se a remoçäo do colágeno exposto pelo condicionamento ácido afeta a resistência de uniäo à dentina em substrato úmido e em seco. Quarenta molares hígidos foram incluídos em resina epóxica e lixados até a obtençäo de uma superfície plana. A área de adesäo foi delimitada em 3 mm e os dentes foram divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos. No grupo 1, o adesivo (Single Bond, 3M) foi aplicado segundo as recomendaçöes do fabricante, deixando-se uma superfície úmida. Grupo 2: após condicionamento ácido e lavagem, secou-se a dentina com jato de ar (20 s) e aplicou-se o adesivo. Grupo 3: após condicionamento ácido e lavagem, a dentina foi tratado com NaOCl a 10 por cento (60 s) e lavada (15 s). A superfície dentinária foi levemente seca com papel absorvente, deixando-se uma superfície úmida. Grupo 4: procedeu-se da mesma forma que no grupo anterior, porém, após a desproteinizaçäo com NaOCl, realizou-se uma secagem com jato de ar por 20 s antes da aplicaçäo do adesivo. A seguir, confeccionou-se um cone de resina (Z100, 3M) com uma matriz de Teflon. Os espécimes foram submetidos ao teste de traçäo (Mini Instron) e os resultados em MPa (ñSD) foram: grupo 1: 13,85 ñ 3,37; grupo 2: 8,87 ñ 3,31; grupo 3: 12,24 ñ 1,07; grupo 4: 11,85 ñ 1,73. A análise de variância e o teste de Tukey demonstraram que os grupos 1, 3 e 4 tiveram forças de adesäo semelhantes e maiores que a do grupo 2 (p < 0,001). Baseado nos resultados, é lícito concluir que o tratamento com hipoclorito de sódio näo altera a resistência adesiva para o adesivo em estudo, tornando-o insensível à condiçäo do substrato (úmido ou seco). No entanto, quando o colágeno é mantido, deve-se realizar a técnica de adesäo úmida

Action of diclofenac sodium on the small intenstine of the rat after interruption of fecal peritonitis. Study of breaking strenth and of tissue collagen concentration

The objective of the present study was to investigate the biomechanical changes of the small intestinal wall occurring in fecal peritonitis associated with diclofenac sodium (DS). Wistar rats were divided at random into the following groups: Group 1 (DS), 60 animals that received an intramuscular injection of diclofenac sodium at the dose of 2 mg/kg body weight; Group 2 (Per), 60 animals that received an intraperitoneal injection of a suspension of human feces, with interruption of peritonitis after 6 hours; Group 3 (Per+DS), 60 animals that received an intraperitoneal injection of a suspension of human feces and DS according to the same scheme as used for Groups 1 and 2; Control Group, 12 animals injected intramusculary. The animals in Groups 1, 2 and 3 were successively sacrificed on the 2nd, 7th and 14th days after the interruption of peritonitis and/or the beginning of treatment, when breaking strength was determined and tissue hydroxyproline was measured. No deaths occured among DS animals, two deaths occurred in the Per group and six the Per+DS group between the 2nd and 12th postoperative day. The breaking strength of the DS group returned to normal levels on the 14th day of treatment, whereas in the Per and Per+DS groups the breaking strength continued to be below normal levels. On the basis of the experimental conditions and methods used, we conclude that diclofenac sodium and peritonitis decrease the breaking strenght and the tissue collagen of the small intestine. When peritonitis was associated with diclofenac sodium there was a summation of the deleterious effects observed separately in the Per and DS groups.

Patrón de envejecimiento vascular del ovario postmenopáusico / Vascular againg pattern of post-menopausic ovary

Se ha establecido que los vasos sanguíneos durante la postmenopausia, sufren cambios progresivos que consisten en el engrosamiento de su pared vascular, con la consiguiente disminución del diámetro en su luz, pero se desconoce el material a expensas del cual ocurre dicho engrosamiento vascular, por lo que se analizaron histológicamente y mediante técnicas de coloración especial 70 ovarios, 35 de ellos postmenopáusicos y 35 del ciclo reproductivo. En el ovario postmenopáusico se encontró que las arterias, venas y arteriolas tenían su luz disminuída hasta en 88.5 por ciento. El 95.2 por ciento tenían engrosada su pared vascular a expensas del glucógeno y la colágena la cual se encontró aumentada en 65.7 de lso caos, además de que las fibras elásticas de los vasos sanguíneos estuvieron duplicadas en 52.9 por ciento de los ovarios postmenopáusicos. Esto confirma nuestra hipótesis de que el envejecimiento vascular en el ovario posmenopáusico, comprende el engrosamiento de los vasos sanguíneos a expensa del depósito de glucógeno y colágena, por lo que en consecuencia se observa su luz dismunuída.